Professional Wrestling A Trend among Children - 1263 Words

Professional Wrestling has become one of the trends among people especially children. Leng et al in a literature review from their article their article (pg 45) explain profession wrestling as more of a source of entertainment than a sport where there is a portrayal and dramatization of good versus evil. My paper will focus extensively on television violence with respect to professional wrestling and its effects on children; it will also assert sexuality with in professional wrestling. According to statistics from Monday Cable Ratings, WWE Raw on Monday nights have been on top of the charts in the between January 28th and April 29th this year with the April 29th show having 4652 viewers leaving NBA playoffs- Round 1 L with 3921 viewers. However, there was a tie in the adult 18-49 ratings with both shows getting 1.8 views (BIBEL,2014). One cannot talk about professional wrestling and its violent effect on children without talking or focusing on television violence. Professional wrestling is a type of entertainment which some people will describe as â€Å"a soap opera for men†. This type of entertainment can be justified as not the only type to depict violence as most of its storyline involve talking (mostly humorous) more so than fighting. Most people may suggest that professional wrestling is not real and children and adolescents are aware of that by stating in most of their shows that stunts should not be tried at home or in school but what is the assuranc e to this in thisShow MoreRelated violence on tv Essay855 Words   |  4 Pageslead to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs. As adults we think that watching TV won’t effect us since we are older, but for younger children when they see someone die or get beat up they think it is cool. Children are very easy to mold into what you want, how many times have you noticed a younger brother or sister imitate their older sibling. TV can have the same effect, for example a 10 year old boys favorite show was WWF wrestling and one day after watching heRead MoreEssay on Body Art543 Words   |  3 Pagesbody art really a pop culture? Our dissatisfaction with the human body and its covering is expressed in endless change. This results in the desire and adoption of a trend, these trends are shown through ways such as piercing, body painting, and tattoos, Body piercing has grown in popularity over the past five years especially among American teenagers who pierce just about anything that can be pierced: ears, noses, tongues, and navels. The most conventional form of piercing in the United StatesRead MoreEssay on Sports Specialization1822 Words   |  8 Pagespopular pastime among all ages and types of people. People not only participate in them for fun, but also for money, physical fitness, rush of competition, and for many other personal reasons. Playing sports is especially common among young people in schools. Athletics are great and enjoyable for many reasons, but there can be a point where sports participation can go too far and become negative for children and adults. Sports specialization for young people is an increasing trend that results inRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Sports And Football1054 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines the noun sport as an activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement with synonyms including diversion and recreation.[11] Nomenclature The singular term sport is used in most English dialects to describe the overall concept (e.g. children taking part in sport), with sports used to describe multiple activities (e.g. football and rugby are the most popular sports in England). American English uses sports for both terms. Definition See also: Game  § Definitions The InternationalRead MoreViolence on Television Does Not Impact Behavior Essay3474 Words   |  14 Pagesroom, and pocket radios the size of a basic calculator have all taken their toll on American society. In a furious outburst reflecting the contemporary society in which we live, television has come to represent all that is evil and wicked for our children. Through gruesome, explicit, and often unrealistic portrayals of death and violence, the impressionable clay of our childrens minds are being molded into vicious statues incapable of comprehending the gap between what is real and what is injuriousRead MoreConverse Hits the Shoe Industry1602 Words   |  6 PagesBackground In 1908 Marquis Mills Converse opened the Converse Rubber Shoe Company in Malden, Massachusetts. The manufacturing company made rubber shoe, providing winter rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By 1910, Converse was creating 4,000 shoes daily, but it was not until 1915 that the company began making athletic shoes for sports. In 1917 Converse All-Star basketball shoe was introduced. Then in 1921, a basketball player named Charles H. Chuck Taylor walked into Converse complainingRead MoreThe Effects Of Concussions On Youth And Concussions1876 Words   |  8 Pages Youth and Concussions Many children enjoy sports more than life itself. To love a sports with that amount of significance is not a horrible thing, but to love oneself should be the first priority in life. Especially adolescents who play the sport with lots of passion and emotion by imitating their favorite athletes to fight an injury so they would be able to continue their action. The youth as a whole need to realize that injuries are capable of affecting people’s lives around them. For exampleRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention2380 Words   |  10 Pagesneeds to by carefully handled. Child abuse is defined as a no accidental injury or pattern of injures to a child for which there is no reasonable explanation. Child abuse consists of different types of harmful acts directed toward children. In physical abuse, children are slapped, hit, kicked or pushed, or have objects thrown at them causing wounds, broken bones, or other injuries. Severe abuse may result in major injury, permanent physical or developmental damage, or even death. Emotional abuseRead MoreThe Pressure of Reducing Weight on Athletes3847 Words   |  15 Pages Introduction Pressure to reduce weight has been the common explanation for the increased prevalence of eating-related problems among athletes and dancers. One of the reasons that ballet dancers may be at risk for developing eating disorders is that they may have to diet in order to maintain the sylph-like bodies that are required for the discipline of ballet. Lowenkopf and Vincent (1982) have suggested that female adolescent dancers run eight times the risk of developing eating disorders comparedRead MoreSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 Pagesstrength, victory, nakht. Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan Air Jordan Air Jordan, or simply Jordans are a brand of shoes produced by Nike originally designed for and endorsed by professional NBA basketball player Michael Jordan. The Air Jordan line is now sold by Jordan Brand, a sub-division of Nike... , Nike Skateboarding Nike Skateboarding Nike Skateboarding is the Nike brand for its line of shoes, clothing, and equipment for

Teaching And Learning Of The 21st Century - 1098 Words

Teaching and learning in the 21st century Introduction Things are changing in this modern society at an epidemic rate. The world is starting to become much more interconnected and technology is constantly changing the world. We now live in an increasingly different, globalized, and complicated media saturated culture. So this Technological overthrow will have a greater change in education. Our students are facing many difficulties like increased population, climate change, health deficiency, primary poverty and other environmental changes. Therefore, this technological revolution, social, economic and globalization changes have intended for new changes and developments in 21st century teaching and learning. Knowledge and understanding: 21st century teaching and learning: 21st century learning means that students are connected to other learners and resources throughout the world, where they prepare themselves as a problem solver. They build their learning around relevant issues, collaborate through effective communication in an ever evolving economy driven world. Students explore the ways to be creative and quickly adapt to the world’s changing trends. They develop themselves as masters of the task in hand and as world leaders. Preparing students for the 21st century is not just about technology or skill for the global economy. Today teachers must be innovator, mentors, entrepreneurs, motivator, illuminators and catalysts. Supporting future-orientedShow MoreRelatedLearning And Teaching Of The 21st Century1289 Words   |  6 PagesLearning and teaching in the 21st century is evolving. The 21st century society is calling for different skills and capabilities of its members. Creativity, problem solving, and high level critical thinking skills are requirements employers are seeking as technology modifies the job environment. Schools must also adapt to this cultural shift. To help students become productive and competent members of a digital age, schools need to be informed of technological terminology, uses, and benefitsRead More21st Century Learning And Teaching902 Words   |  4 Pages21st century learning is a rapidly changing idea, both teachers and students are adapting and learning new ways to teach and learn respectively. A teacher’s pedagogy must evolve to incorporate new technology and new methods of teaching, putting focus on student centred learning and giving pupils the tools needed to create their own learning. Education must incorporate diversity to cope with the ever changing landscape of our society. Learners need to feel safe, secure and equal to each other andRead MoreTeaching And Learning During The 21st Century1733 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching and learning in the 21st century has changed dramatically from a traditional education. There has been a major paradigm shift to effectively support and prepare students for current and future work, social and school expectations. 19th century traditional education was designed to devel op industry based workers that required basic skills and performed menial tasks. However, students need new skills and capabilities to ensure their success in the global market. Teachers roles have also beenRead More21st Century Teaching and Learning Culture Provides Trust, Collaboration, Respect817 Words   |  4 PagesThe developed approach of the 21st century teaching and learning environment provides a good model for other public schools with low performance and non-adequate yearly progress (AYP) to apply. This model is considered to deal with different issues by developing specific concepts such as trust, collaboration, respect, and other positive relationships between school members. It gives the urban high school a solid foundation to overcome its problems and be prepared to adopt a change. The traditionalRead MoreCritical Thinking And Problem Solving Skills1648 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem solving skills have epitomised education throughout history. As time has passed; the education system has become increasingly complex with the integration of learning theories, pedagogies, transformative learning spaces, behavioural management and most importantly; the evolution and role of technology. 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Teachers need to be prepared for new pedagogical approaches that fit theRead MoreCurrent Force That Impact Curriculum Design And Program1207 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent force that impact curriculum design and program in the 21st century education, and developing an internationally-minded learner in a globalized era. Technology is manoeuvred into our everyday life, and it is evolving rapidly which urge educators to redefine the students’ potentials, and learning to know will never be the same. Technology calls for a change in learning and teaching for the 21st century education. The vast change and innovation of new technologies offer changeRead MoreEvaluate How To Communicate And Integrated Case Study991 Words   |  4 Pagesimplement the use of technology to create a blended professional learning community across districts within our state to share knowledge with fellow faculty on how a deeper understanding of subject matter can enhance problem- solving, critical thinking, and other 21st-century skills. Goal: The goal of our research study was to understand how the incorporation and implementation of the use of technology to create a blended professional learning community across districts within our state to share knowledgeRead MoreTeaching A New Generation Of Students815 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis Paper 1 - Teaching a New Generation of Students We need to prepare students for THEIR future not OUR past – Ian Jukes The above quote by Ian Jukes resounds in the ears of our present day educators in the United States and around the world. Our world is rapidly changing due in part to the growth of technological innovations and the globalization of the world economy. However, how much of our educational system has changed to meet the demands of the 21st century? Are we preparing studentsRead MoreThe Nature Of Teaching And Learning1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe nature of teaching and learning in senior secondary schools is undergoing change. The Australian curriculum has set new priorities for learning in the final years of school. These priorities continue to emphasise learning in the disciplines, but they also include the development of a broader range of skills and attributes considered necessary for life, study and work in the 21st Century. This report builds on that foundation by examining how to assess 21st century competencies. The Queensland

Poland Business Cycle Free Essays

This Country Focus analyses and interprets the statistical characteristics of the Polish business cycle. It also identifies leading and lagging variables and shows that the economic fluctuations in Poland differ to some extent from those in other emerging and mature economies, with Polish growth notably more volatile and government expenditure highly erratic. The available data on GDP growth suggest that the Polish economy is approaching the peak of the second business cycle since the start of economic transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Poland Business Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current upswing is to some extent similar to the one of 1995-1997 which ended in large macroeconomic imbalances (increasing unemployment, spare capacity, widening fiscal and current account deficits). However, Poland now appears to be better positioned than after the last cycle and should be able to avoid a repeat of that outcome. Business cycles in emerging market economies Although the economic literature on business cycles is vast, only recently have some papers on business cycles in emerging market economies appeared. Usually they analyse economic fluctuations within particular countries (e. g. Benczur and Ratfai, 2005) or make some cross-country comparisons (e. g. Aguayo et al. , 2004 or Carmignani, 2005). A common methodology used in the analysis of business cycles (based on observations of mature economies and economic theory) distinguishes pro-cyclical, counter-cyclical and a-cyclical variables. Pro-cyclical variables fluctuate together with GDP (e. g. industrial production, investment, employment, inflation), countercyclical variables against GDP (e. g. nemployment, net exports) and a-cyclical variables independently of GDP (e. g. real interest rates). 1 With respect to timing, the ‘stylised facts’ of the business cycle identify leading, lagging and coincident variables: leading variables move ahead of GDP (e. g. average labour productivity, inventory investment, money supply), lagging variables follow GDP (e. g. inflation, nominal interest rates) and coincident variables, as the name suggests, move coincidentally with GDP (e. g. industrial production, consumption, employment) (Snowdon Vane, 2005, p. 306). Overall, business cycles in emerging market economies (Carmignani, 2005)2 are not much different from those in mature economies (Snowdon and Vane, 2005, p. 306), By Michal Narozny* The business cycle in Poland: where do we stand? Highlights in this issue: †¢ While on the whole not different from mature economies, the properties of the business cycle in Poland display some special characteristics †¢ The current cycle seems to have reached a peak but the slowdown is likely not to be as pronounced as in the previous cycle Volume IV, Issue 9 03. 08. 2007 ECFIN COUNTRY FOCUS Directorate for the Economies of the Member States. The views expressed in the ECFIN Country Focus belong to the authors only and do not necessarily correspond to those of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs or the European Commission. Economic analysis from the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs Identification of direction and timing is key in business cycle analysis ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 2 but economies in transition (though they do not constitute a homogeneous group) display some specific characteristics: overall, the economy is much more volatile than in the euro area, which is the consequence of structural changes and catching-up, †¢ shocks are slightly less persistent than in the euro area, and fluctuations consequently more frequent, †¢ government consumption is more erratic than in the euro area, suggesting a significant discretionary element in fiscal policies, but not one that is necessarily aimed at cyclical stabilisation, †¢ employment is a-cyclical in some, but pro-cyclical in other emerging economies, †¢ inflation in emerging economies is volatile and not clearly pro-cyclical. Table 1 shows some tentative analysis of the key macroeconomic variables in the Polish business cycle. All variables (except for inflation and net exports) were logtransformed, de-seasonalised by means of the X. 12 method and later de-trended using the HP filter. Net exports were expressed as a ratio to GDP and deseasonalised by means of the multiplicative X. 11 method before being de-trended. Volatility of cyclical fluctuations, and hence the magnitude of the business cycle, is measured by the standard deviation. Polish GDP volatility is about 0. 015, compared to 0. 08 for the euro area. The persistence of cyclical fluctuations is measured by the auto-correlation coefficient: the closer to 1, the more persistent the shock (and the longer it takes to absorb it) and therefore the less fluctuation in the business cycle. Testing for the Polish business cycle persistence yields a coefficient of 0. 55 compared to 0. 85 for the euro area. Table 1. Summary statistics of business cycle fluct uations in Poland Correlations with the cyclical component of GDP Poland Standard Autodeviation correlation -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 GDP 0. 015 0. 550 1 Industrial production 3. 317 0. 730 -0. 018 0. 154 0. 314 0. 515 0. 771 0. 599 0. 444 0. 229 0. 113 Private consumption 0. 013 0. 269 0. 015 0. 079 0. 283 0. 433 0. 434 0. 385 0. 463 0. 380 0. 037 Government consumption 0. 020 0. 001 -0. 200 0. 007 0. 230 0. 022 -0. 211 0. 175 0. 282 0. 199 0. 051 GFCF 0. 070 0. 717 0. 357 0. 399 0. 403 0. 484 0. 824 0. 585 0. 371 0. 313 0. 344 Inventories 1. 189 -0. 072 -0. 139 0. 044 0. 021 0. 074 0. 199 0. 187 0. 150 0. 177 0. 230 Net exports 0. 012 0. 574 -0. 061 -0. 174 -0. 386 -0. 373 -0. 326 -0. 513 -0. 497 -0. 389 -0. 452 Exports 0. 58 -0. 005 0. 098 0. 199 0. 177 0. 225 0. 594 -0. 018 0. 030 -0. 016 -0. 193 Imports 0. 063 0. 378 0. 097 0. 252 0. 350 0. 408 0. 672 0. 377 0. 384 0. 258 0. 175 Employment 0. 017 0. 857 0. 291 0. 372 0. 411 0. 452 0. 545 0. 409 0. 333 0. 355 0. 344 Labour productivity 0. 354 0. 512 0. 120 0. 090 0. 056 0. 070 0. 133 0. 257 0. 109 0. 026 -0. 142 Money supply (M1) 0. 041 0. 776 -0. 078 -0. 060 0. 092 0. 260 0. 475 0. 472 0. 535 0. 505 0. 432 Inflation 1. 819 0. 779 0. 092 0. 321 0. 511 0. 596 0. 473 0. 290 0. 082 -0. 082 -0. 146 CPI 1. 737 0. 777 0. 086 0. 255 0. 411 0. 422 0. 00 0. 082 -0. 075 -0. 167 -0. 184 Real interest rate 0. 655 0. 942 0. 226 0. 279 0. 302 0. 263 0. 135 0. 132 0. 120 0. 092 0. 088 Source: Own estimates. Data source: Eurostat. Sample: 1995Q3 – 2007Q1 Summary statistics Lags Leads Business cycles in Poland – what is different and what is alike The analysis of the Polish cycle yields a number stylised facts, which are to some degree typical for emerging economies. Table 2 summarises a number of stylised facts on business cycles in mature economies and in Poland (bearing in mind the relatively short time span for the latter). It shows that some of the usual characteristics of business cycles in mature economies (or even in emerging economies) are not seen in Poland. Where this is the case, some interpretation is offered. Industrial production is usually pro-cyclical and coincident in both mature and emerging economies, but in Poland it has a slightly leading property, which indicates the importance of industrial production as a driver of the business cycle. In the aggregate demand components, private consumption seems to be procyclical in Poland. However, it is not coincident as in mature economies, and has a lead-lag profile that is not typical: it is almost flat over four quarters with some lead. Hence, although private consumption is the largest component of GDP, the dynamic relation over time between the two variables is erratic, possibly indicating consumption smoothing, which is characteristic of low-income economies. However, the ratio of the standard deviation of private consumption to the standard deviation of GDP (by which consumption smoothing is usually judged) is estimated at 0. 8, i. e. higher than the upper bound of the normal range reported in the literature. 3 This suggests that consumption smoothing is not present in Poland, which might indicate lower risk aversion and/or underdevelopment of financial markets. The Polish business cycle displays some characteristic properties Business fluctuations in Poland are highly volatile and persistent ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 3 Table 2. The ‘st ylised facts’ about business cycles in mature economies and Poland Variable Mature economies* Poland** category Variable Direction Timing Direction Timing Supply side Industrial production pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident/leading Private consumption pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical erratic Government consumption pro-cyclical erratic counter-cyclical /erratic erratic GFCF pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident Inventories pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Net exports counter-cyclical coincident/ lagging counter-cyclical erratic Exports pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident Demand components Imports pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident Labour Employment pro-cyclical coincident pro-cyclical coincident/lagging market Labour productivity pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Money supply pro-cyclical leading pro-cyclical leading Monetary Inflation pro-cyclical lagging pro-cyclical lagging variables Real Interest rates a-cyclical erratic pro-cyclical lagging * Features commonly found in the literature. Main source: Snowdon ; Vane (2005) ** See Table 1 Source: Own calculations (see Table 1) and Snowdon ; Vane (2005) Government consumption seems to be neither systematically counter- nor procyclical. High volatility and a very low persistence (i. e. frequent fluctuations of sizeable magnitude) point to an irregular pattern of government consumption, suggesting an important role of discretionary fiscal policies, which is a distinctive feature of emerging economies (Carmignani, 2005) and possibly related to the existence of a political cycle in public finances. Gross fixed capital formation appears to be coincident, highly pro-cyclical and persistent (auto-correlation of 0. 2) and inventories behave according to the ‘stylised facts’: they are pro-cyclical and leading (though less so than in mature economies). Finally, both exports and imports can be seen as pro-cyclical, but imports slightly more so than exports, which is in line with the features of mature, but not emerging economies where exports are a-cyclical on average. Moreover, imports seem to be quite persistent (following persistent GFCF), unlike exports (which depend on external demand); both variables are hi ghly volatile (standard deviations are more than the double of the euro-area). Net exports are moderately counter-cyclical with an erratic pattern over time (due to persistent imports), whereas in mature economies net exports are also counter-cyclical, but usually coincident or lagging. With respect to the labour market, employment shows up as pro-cyclical and coincident, with some evidence of lagging, which places Poland somewhere in the middle between mature and emerging economies in this respect. Labour productivity appears to be pro-cyclical and leading, in line with the ‘stylised facts’, though the leading property is less pronounced than in mature economies. Pro-cyclicality of employment with its smooth and slightly lagged correlation profile suggests labour hoarding (Burnside et al. , 1993). Among the monetary variables, the money supply apears to be pro-cyclical and leading. Inflation seems to be pro-cyclical and to follow GDP as in mature economies, which is not the case in most emerging economies (where inflation is acyclical – see Carmignani, 2005). This is probably due to the fact that at the beginning of the transformation process all emerging economies had very high inflation rates that systematically decreased. Thus, it is hard to discern a clear cyclical pattern. Poland managed to achieve relatively low inflation sooner than other emerging countries, allowing this pro-cyclicality to be revealed earlier. Contrary to the ‘stylised facts’ for mature (but also emerging) economies, where real interest rates are a-cyclical with no clear pattern with respect to timing, real interest rates in Poland show up as being pro-cyclical and lagging, implying a countercyclical monetary policy (coefficient of correlation with GDP is 0. 4 and there is a clear lagging pattern). Smooth and lagged correlation profile of pro-cyclical employment suggests labour hoarding The irregular pattern of government consumption suggests that discretionary fiscal policies play an important role ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 4 Troughs, peaks and the drivers of growth The first economic cycle since the beginning of economic transition lasted about 10 years, with the expansion and slowdown phases each spanning about 5 years; the cycle ended in the second quarter of 2001. The current upswing has already lasted 6 years, which suggests that the peak is imminent if the length of the current cycle is similar to the previous one. Decelerating leading variables (industrial production, net exports and labour productivity) may also be signs of a turning point. Chart 1. Developments of basic economic variables in Poland in 1991-2008 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 % CA deficit (% of GDP) Unemployment rate (rhs) CPI inflation (rhs) GDP growth Fiscal deficit (lhs) Source: Commission services In both the early 1990s and in 2001, when the economy was at its trough, there was a large unutilised labour supply and substantial reserves in enterprises’ capacity utilisation. The fiscal deficit was also substantial. In the first cycle, ample supply of resources was a consequence of transition to a market economy which caused a recession in 1990-1991. In 2001-2002 it followed from the world economic slowdown and a restrictive monetary policy, which forced Polish enterprises to reorganise to raise their competitiveness and efficiency. Poland got out of the trough twice hanks to exogenous impulses to investment: the restructuring of the London Club debt in 1994 (which brought the first major wave of FDI) and entry into the EU in 2004 (which led to an inflow of EU funds). The external circumstances were also favourable as the world economy expanded in the nineties until 1998 and has been on a stable growth path since 2003. Chart 2. Contributions to GDP growth in Poland in 1991-2008 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 % total consumption GFCF Inventories Net exports GDP growth Source: Commission services The main factor that drove real GDP growth in 1995-1997 to about 7% was dynamic domestic demand growth of 8? % on average, supported by robust consumption (about 5 percentage points contribution to GDP growth on average). Despite the fact that the economy was growing above potential and domestic demand was growing significantly faster than GDP, a strong zloty appreciation (with a temporary blip in 2000) ensured that the disinflation process was not disturbed. However, this There are indications that the Polish business cycle has approached a peak Large acroeconomic imbalance during the troughs ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 5 situation led to a fast-growing imbalance on the current account: the 2% of GDP surplus in 1994 fell to a deficit of 6% of GDP in 1999 (to which the Russian crisis also contributed). Growth outlook based on solid foundations for now It is estimated that the Polish economy is currently expanding at a pace close to its pote ntial (approximated at 5. 9% in 2007), on the back of rising domestic demand, which is likely to be followed by increasing imports and a deteriorating current account balance. The growth of gross fixed capital formation accelerated to 17% in 2006 and to nearly 30% y-o-y in the first quarter of 2007. Private consumption increased at 5. 2% in 2006 and stepped up to 6. 9% y-o-y in the first quarter of 2007, which is significantly higher than the 2. 7% average growth in 2000-2003. So far, this expansion of consumption has not led to a rapid increase in the current account deficit (which rose from 1. 7% in 2005 to 2. 3% of GDP in 2006) or a rise in inflation (which has come in below the central bank’s medium-term inflation target of 2. % for eight quarters in a row), mainly thanks to moderate real wage growth. However, with a tightening labour market, emerging skill mismatches and workforce emigration the pressure on wages is expected to become more significant, contributing to a further increase of consumption. In consequence, it might lead to an escalation of the external imbalance and/or increased inflation. Nevertheless, GDP growth in the current pha se seems to be based on more solid foundations than in the late 1990s: †¢ Firstly, the share of exports in GDP has nearly tripled in 1992-2006 to about 40%; the number of exporters has also increased considerably. The structure of exports has improved, with a bigger share of processed goods and a higher value added. Foreign direct investment has helped increase the production capacity of the Polish economy, which enables the domestic market to better meet increased private demand, and makes the balance of payments less prone to fluctuations in domestic demand. In addition, increased investment-driven imports are largely balanced by increased exports on account of a good situation in the external environment. †¢ Secondly, the floating exchange rate is likely to act as a buffer against imported inflation. However, even without a strong zloty appreciation, inflation in Poland during the coming years is expected to stay relatively low: below or around the central bank’s medium-term inflation target of 2. 5%. As the Polish economy is now more open than 10 years ago, inflation is more influenced by global factors. Increased exposure of Polish enterprises to international competition limits their ability to freely increase prices and wages. They are forced to increase labour productivity faster than wages to maintain their market position. Thus, even with growing wage demands, enterprises are more willing to decrease mark-ups than to raise prices. Thirdly, increased household incomes acquired as a result of higher wages and an improved labour market situation may not translate into consumption to the same extent as in the previous economic cycle. There is evidence that households are now more saturated with basic durable and consumption goods which they lacked before4 and are more e ager to spend additional income on holidays abroad owing to a more mature service sector. Financial markets are more developed than 10 years ago, giving an opportunity for financial investments. Conclusions The business cycle in Poland exhibits similar properties to cycles in mature economies, but there are some notable differences for government consumption, net exports and real interest rates (although for the last variable the picture may be blurred by its very high level at the beginning of the transformation process). However, because the data series are short, the results should be interpreted with caution. The irregular behaviour of government consumption in Poland with respect to influence on the business cycle could be related to a discretionary fiscal policy implemented within a political business cycle. GDP growth is based on more solid foundations in the current cycle ECFIN Country Focus Volume IV, Issue 9 Page 6 The analysis of the previous upswing in Poland, the identification of variables with leading properties with respect to GDP, and the latest developments all seem to suggest that the Polish economy might have reached the peak of the current cycle in the first quarter of 2007. Nevertheless, thanks to the ongoing process of restructuring of the economy, the slowdown phase is not likely to be as pronounced as in the previous cycle and should not lead to major imbalances. How to cite Poland Business Cycle, Papers

Highlight Upon The Impact Of The Technologyâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Highlight Upon The Impact Of The Technology? Answer: Introduction The aim of the current report is to discuss about the importance and impact of technology in marketing research activity. With the fast changing world of business environment, it is important for all organization to collect the latest data in order to prepare the marketing plan. There are various effective tools and methods that are related to marketing research activities and it help to increase the level of accuracy of the marketing research. The conclusion that is drawn from this report will help the ResMarket Pty, which is the Sydney based marketing research firm to implement the application of Technology India investigation work. Hence, it will be possible for them to improve the data collection and analysis procedure. Advanced research method of marketing with technology As the scenario of business environment in the current days are undergoing Rapid change, it is only with the help of latest relevant data that are collected in huge amount that makes it possible for the marketing researchers to make better prediction (Winer and Neslin 2014). It is important to modify the marketing research method that is an essential part of Technology implementation. It is also important to modify the data collection and analysis plan in order to make best use of the implication of Technology. There are also different methods used in sampling of the market size. According to Norman and Verganti (2014), the method of online survey is believed to be the best effective techniques that are used by current day market researchers in order to collect maximum amount of data from the given sample size. The various online portals and platforms like the social media websites are few of the popular places, from where data from the online survey can be collected. Babin and Zikmund (2015), have mentioned that one of the major advantage of this online process of Data Collection is that it can help to save huge amount of time and expense that he is usually in the case of manual process. This is mainly possible due to the fact that the result is obtained automatically with the help of the coding software. The survey can also focus upon a larger size of target audience. It is also important to mention that the entire process of Data Collection is done automatically with the help of latest software that can help to store the data for further analysis. This sig nificantly reduces the chances of errors, which the surveyors have to encounter during the process of manual data collection. The online portal for the server can be accessed by the participants in any time. This provides them with the opportunity of providing better opinion about the subject area of marketing research. According to Henseler et al. (2016), high level of accuracy is one of the major advantages of the online survey method. As the market researchers can focus upon larger group of audience, it is possible for them to provide better accuracy results that are used in making advanced level of business plan. There are chances in many cases, where in the manual form of data collection, there is a chance of information being unethically manipulated by the surveyors. This can normally be avoided in the case of electronic forms, as it is possible to implement the monitoring process. Hence, there is high chance that the result of the research work will be neutral and completely reliable for further reference. The cost efficiency is another major advantage of the online survey. The overall cost that is involved in the process of printing the survey forms can be saved (Neuhofer et al. 2014). Advanced form of Data Analysis The tools and software that are used in the process of data analysis are believed to be one of the better ways that technology can help in the work of marketing research. SPSS, SAS and JMP are few of the popular forms of data analysis software that are used by the market researchers in order to deal with the complexity involved in the process of data calculation and processing. These commercial forms of the data analysis software are mainly used on in both quantitative and qualitative forms of data analysis that is aimed to provide better result of the data that are being collected in the overall process (Huang et al. 2016). There is also the chance of having to maintain high level of flexibility of data that are being processed. This will allow the market researcher to analyze the wide range of data that are being collected from wide groups of audience. Coding of the data is also possible that can be used in the process of identifying any particular parameter of the marketing terms. The coded section of the database of the marketing research can also extract for the purpose of making business plan. This can provide access to the project managers to use all forms of information. There is a significant chance that the data that has been collected in the overall process can have fake or irrelevant data. The coding software of the data analysis can identify the irrelevant data and hence is able to provide better and accurate result of the research (Mittelstaedt et al. 2015). Conclusion It can be said in the concluding note that the better level of accuracy and the high level of cost efficiency are the major advantages and impact of technology implication of the marketing research. With the fast changing scenario of the marketing environment, the use of the data analysis and coding software can help to save huge amount of time that is necessary in the overall process of business plan implementation. Hence, it is highly recommended for the ResMarket Pty to modify the overall process and activities related to the marketing research that can help them to make most use of the technology within the market investigation. System building process is one of the important components of Technology application in marketing research. It is essential to develop the overall business portfolio and infrastructure in order to make best use of the opportunity that is being provided by technology in including data analysis software. It is also essential to have proper distribution channels in the market, where the technology can be implicated in order to collect relevant data. 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